How to Cite Sources

Step-by-step guides for every source type. Pick the kind of source you used below.

🌐

Citing a Website

Any webpage, article, or blog post you found online

1

Find the page title

Look at the top of the browser tab or the big heading at the top of the page. That's the title of the specific page you used — not the website's name.

e.g. "How Volcanoes Form"
2

Find the author's name

Scroll to the top or bottom of the article. Look for "By [Name]" or "Written by". If there's no author listed, that's okay — just leave it blank.

e.g. "By Sarah Jones" near the top
3

Find the website name

This is the organization or company that owns the site — usually in the logo at the top. It's different from the page title.

e.g. "National Geographic Kids" (not just "National Geographic")
4

Copy the URL

Click in the address bar at the top of your browser and copy the full web address. Make sure it starts with https://

e.g. https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/...
5

Record today's date

Websites can change or disappear. Write down the date you visited — this is called the "access date." You can use today's date.

🗺 Where to find each piece

Page titleBig heading on the page, or the browser tab text
Author name"By __" near the top or bottom of the article
Website nameThe logo or header at the very top of the site
Published dateNear the author name, or at the bottom — might say "Last updated"
URLThe address bar at the top of your browser

📄 Example citations

Jones, Sarah. "How Volcanoes Form." National Geographic Kids, 14 Mar. 2023, https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/... Accessed 10 Apr. 2026.
Jones, S. (2023, March 14). How volcanoes form. National Geographic Kids. https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/...
Jones, Sarah. "How Volcanoes Form." National Geographic Kids. March 14, 2023. https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/...
Jones, Sarah. "How Volcanoes Form." National Geographic Kids. 2023. https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/...
🔍

No author? No problem.

Many websites don't list an author. Just leave that field blank and your citation will still be correct.

📅

Can't find a date?

If there's no publish date, check the very bottom of the page. Some sites show a "copyright year" which you can use instead.

⚠️

Wikipedia is a starting point

Teachers often say not to cite Wikipedia directly. Use it to find better sources listed in its References section at the bottom!

Common questions

What if the website has a really long URL?
That's fine — copy the whole thing. If you're printing your paper, your teacher can always just look up the page title to find it. Some citation styles let you shorten URLs, but ReadyCiteGo will keep the full version to be safe.
The website looks kind of sketchy. Should I still cite it?
Good question! If you're not sure whether a source is trustworthy, use our Source Credibility Checker first. It'll help you decide if the source is worth using.
The page has no date anywhere. What do I write?
Leave the "Published date" field blank — ReadyCiteGo will automatically write "n.d." (which stands for "no date") in APA format, which is the correct way to handle it.
📚

Citing a Book

Printed books, e-books, and textbooks

1

Find the title page

Open to the very first pages of the book. The title page has the full title, the author's name, the publisher, and the year. This is your best source for all the information you need.

2

Write down the author's full name

In citations, we put the last name first. So "Jane Smith" becomes "Smith, Jane." If there are two authors, list both.

e.g. Smith, Jane
3

Find the publisher and year

Flip to the copyright page — it's usually the back of the title page. You'll see the publisher's name and the copyright year (©). Use the most recent year listed.

e.g. © 2021 Scholastic Inc.
4

Try the ISBN auto-fill ✨

Every book has an ISBN number — a long number usually printed near the barcode on the back cover. Paste it into ReadyCiteGo's "Auto-fill from ISBN" box and it will fill in all the fields for you!

ISBN is on the back cover near the barcode

🗺 Where to find each piece

TitleTitle page (first few pages of the book)
Author nameTitle page or front cover
PublisherCopyright page (back of title page)
YearCopyright page — look for the © symbol
ISBNBack cover, near the barcode — starts with 978

📄 Example citations

Chin, Jason. Coral Reefs. Roaring Brook Press, 2011.
Chin, J. (2011). Coral reefs. Roaring Brook Press.
Chin, Jason. Coral Reefs. New York: Roaring Brook Press, 2011.
Chin, Jason. "Coral Reefs." Roaring Brook Press. 2011.
🪄

Use the ISBN lookup

Paste the ISBN from the back of the book and ReadyCiteGo fills everything in automatically. Saves a ton of time!

✍️

Titles go in italics

Book titles are always italicized in citations. ReadyCiteGo does this automatically — but if you're writing by hand, underline instead.

👥

Two authors

If a book has two authors, MLA format uses: "Smith, Jane, and John Brown." The second author's name is written normally (first name first).

Common questions

I used an encyclopedia, not a regular book. Is it the same?
Almost! For an encyclopedia entry (like from World Book or Britannica), use the "Article" source type instead. You'll list the article title and the encyclopedia name separately.
My book has a second edition. Do I include that?
Yes! In Advanced mode, there's an "Edition" field. Type "2nd ed." or "3rd ed." ReadyCiteGo will put it in the right place in the citation.
▶️

Citing a YouTube Video

YouTube videos, educational clips, documentaries online

1

Copy the video title

Find the exact title of the video. It's shown in big text below the video player. Copy it exactly — including any capitalization and punctuation.

e.g. "How Does the Water Cycle Work?"
2

Find the channel name

The channel name is shown below the video title, next to the channel's logo. Click on it to make sure you get the full, official channel name.

e.g. SciShow Kids (not "scishow" or "Sci Show")
3

Find the upload date

The upload date is shown below the video, usually near the view count. It might show "3 years ago" — click on it to see the exact date.

e.g. Jan 15, 2021
4

Copy the URL

Copy the link from your browser's address bar. A shorter link like youtu.be/... works just as well as the full youtube.com/watch?v=... link.

🗺 Where to find each piece

Video titleBig text directly below the video player
Channel nameBelow the title, next to the channel icon
Upload dateBelow the video, near the view count — click to see full date
URLAddress bar at the top of your browser

📄 Example citations

"How Does the Water Cycle Work?" YouTube, uploaded by SciShow Kids, 15 Jan. 2021, https://youtu.be/example.
SciShow Kids. (2021, January 15). How does the water cycle work? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/example
SciShow Kids. "How Does the Water Cycle Work?" YouTube video. January 15, 2021. https://youtu.be/example.
🎓

Use trusted channels

Channels like SciShow Kids, Crash Course Kids, TED-Ed, and National Geographic are more credible than random accounts. Your teacher will notice the difference.

📺

It's about the uploader

In citations, we use the channel name — not the person speaking in the video, unless they're the same. "NASA" uploaded it, so "NASA" is what you list.

Common questions

I used a video on a website, not YouTube. Does this work?
If it's on another video site (like Vimeo or a news site), use the "Website" source type instead and include the video title as the page title. The format is very similar.
Do I have to include the full URL? It's really long.
Yes, include the full URL. If you used a youtu.be short link, that works great and is much shorter. Just paste whichever link you have.
📰

Citing a Magazine or Newspaper Article

Time for Kids, Scholastic News, local newspapers, online news

1

Find the article title

The article title is the headline — the big title of just that one article. It's different from the magazine or newspaper name.

e.g. "Ocean Plastic: The Growing Problem" (not "Time for Kids")
2

Find the magazine or newspaper name

This is the publication that printed the article — the magazine or newspaper's name, shown on the cover or in the website's logo.

e.g. Time for Kids, Scholastic News, The New York Times
3

Find the author

Look for a byline near the headline — it usually says "By [Name]." Some short magazine articles don't list an author, which is fine.

4

Find the volume, issue, and page numbers

In Advanced mode, you can add these. For a print magazine, the volume and issue numbers are usually on the cover. The page numbers are where the article starts and ends.

e.g. Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 12–14

🗺 Where to find each piece

Article titleThe headline at the top of the article
Magazine/newspaperThe cover or website logo/header
Author name"By __" near the headline or at the bottom
Volume & issueFront cover, usually near the date
Page numbersBottom corner of the printed page

📄 Example citations

Rivera, Carlos. "Ocean Plastic: The Growing Problem." Time for Kids, vol. 12, no. 4, 2023, pp. 8–9.
Rivera, C. (2023). Ocean plastic: The growing problem. Time for Kids, 12(4), 8–9.
Rivera, Carlos. "Ocean Plastic: The Growing Problem." Time for Kids 12, no. 4 (2023): 8–9.
📋

Article title vs. magazine name

A common mix-up: "Time for Kids" is the magazine. "Ocean Plastic" is the article inside it. You need both, in separate fields.

💻

Online article?

If you read the article on a website, add the URL in the optional field. This helps your teacher find it.

🎤

Citing a Personal Interview

Conversations with experts, community members, or anyone you asked questions

1

Write down who you interviewed

Include the person's full name. If they have a title or job that's relevant (like "Dr." or "Principal"), you can include that too, but it's not required.

e.g. Dr. Maria Lopez, or Maria Lopez
2

Choose the interview type

Was it in person, on the phone, by email, or over a video call? Pick the one that matches. This goes in the citation so readers know how you talked to them.

3

Record the date

Write down the exact date the interview happened. If it was by email, use the date you received their reply.

e.g. March 15, 2026

📄 Example citations

Lopez, Maria. Personal interview. 15 Mar. 2026.
📌 In APA format, personal interviews are cited in-text only (not in the References list): (M. Lopez, personal communication, March 15, 2026)
Lopez, Maria. Interview. March 15, 2026.
📝

Take notes!

Always write down (or record with permission) what the person said. You'll need to quote or paraphrase their words accurately in your paper.

🙏

Ask permission first

Before you interview someone, ask a parent or teacher for permission. If you want to record the conversation, always ask the person being interviewed.

📧

Email counts!

If you emailed an expert and they wrote back, that counts as an interview. Use "Email interview" as the type, and the date they replied.

📖

Citing an Encyclopedia

Britannica, World Book, Wikipedia (as a starting point), subject encyclopedias

1

Find the entry (article) title

This is the specific topic you looked up — like "Photosynthesis" or "Ancient Rome." It's different from the encyclopedia's name.

e.g. "Climate Change" (not "Britannica")
2

Find the encyclopedia name

The full name of the encyclopedia — shown in the site's logo or on the book's cover.

e.g. Encyclopædia Britannica, World Book Online
3

Look for an author

Many encyclopedia entries don't have a named author — that's totally fine. If one is listed, add their name.

4

Copy the URL and today's date

Online encyclopedias update their articles, so always record when you visited.

🗺 Where to find each piece

Entry titleThe big heading at the top of the article
Encyclopedia nameThe site logo or book cover/spine
AuthorNear the top or bottom of the entry — often not listed
Edition / yearCopyright page (print) or footer of website

📄 Example citations

"Climate Change." Encyclopædia Britannica, 12 Jan. 2024, https://britannica.com/... Accessed 10 Apr. 2026.
Climate change. (2024). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://britannica.com/...
"Climate Change." Encyclopædia Britannica. January 12, 2024. https://britannica.com/...
⚠️

Wikipedia note

Wikipedia is a great starting point but many teachers won't accept it as a final source. Use the References section at the bottom to find the original sources and cite those instead.

🏫

School databases

Your school library may give you free access to Britannica School or World Book Online — these are more credible than general Wikipedia and teachers love them.

🎧

Citing a Podcast

Audio episodes from Spotify, Apple Podcasts, NPR, or any podcast platform

1

Find the episode title

Each episode has its own title — different from the podcast's overall name. Look at the episode listing or the player header.

e.g. "The Science of Dreams" (not "Stuff You Should Know")
2

Find the podcast name

The name of the overall show — shown in big text on the podcast's main page.

e.g. Stuff You Should Know, Brains On!, Wow in the World
3

Find the host name and publish date

Look in the episode description or the podcast's About page. The date is usually listed with each episode.

4

Copy the link

Copy the URL from your browser, or use the "Share" button in the podcast app to get a direct link to the episode.

📄 Example citations

Clark, Josh, and Chuck Bryant. "The Science of Dreams." Stuff You Should Know, 14 Feb. 2024, https://iheart.com/...
Clark, J., & Bryant, C. (2024, February 14). The science of dreams [Audio podcast episode]. In Stuff You Should Know. https://iheart.com/...
Clark, Josh, and Chuck Bryant. "The Science of Dreams." Stuff You Should Know. February 14, 2024. https://iheart.com/...
📻

Good for research?

Podcasts from NPR, museums, universities, and science organizations (like Brains On! or Wow in the World) are credible for school research. Random podcasts may not be — check with your teacher.

📱

Citing a Social Media Post

Tweets/X posts, Instagram posts, Facebook posts, official organization accounts

1

Find who posted it

Use the account's display name (like "NASA") not their handle. If it's a person, use their real name if you can find it on their profile.

e.g. NASA (not @NASA)
2

Copy the first ~20 words of the post

Since social posts don't have formal titles, citations use the beginning of the post text as the "title."

e.g. "Today the James Webb telescope captured..."
3

Find the exact date posted

Click on the timestamp of the post — it usually shows the full date and time.

4

Copy the link to the specific post

Right-click the timestamp or use the Share button to get a direct URL to that specific post — not just the account's homepage.

Stick to official accounts

For school research, only cite social media posts from official organizations (NASA, National Geographic, government agencies, museums). Random people's posts are rarely appropriate sources.

📸

Screenshots help

Posts can be deleted. Take a screenshot of the post when you use it, just in case.

🏛

Citing a Government Document

NASA, CDC, EPA, Department of Education, Congress.gov, White House, local government sites

1

Find the department or agency name

Government documents are authored by the agency, not a person. Look for the department name in the page header or footer — like "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency."

e.g. U.S. Department of Education, Centers for Disease Control
2

Find the document or page title

The title of the specific page or report you used — shown as the page heading or the browser tab text.

e.g. "Climate Kids: NASA's Eyes on the Earth"
3

Copy the URL and access date

Government pages update frequently, so always record when you visited. Gov sites usually end in .gov which is a good sign they're trustworthy.

📄 Example citations

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. "Climate Kids: What Is Climate Change?" 5 Mar. 2024, https://climatekids.nasa.gov/... Accessed 10 Apr. 2026.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2024). Climate kids: What is climate change? https://climatekids.nasa.gov/...
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. "Climate Kids: What Is Climate Change?" March 5, 2024. https://climatekids.nasa.gov/...
🌐

.gov = trustworthy

Sites ending in .gov are official U.S. government sites. They're among the most credible sources you can use for school research.

🎬

Citing a Film or TV Episode

Documentaries, movies, TV episodes, streaming content

1

Find the title

For a movie, use the full movie title. For a TV episode, use the episode title (and optionally the series name in the notes).

e.g. An Inconvenient Truth or "The One Where Ross Gets a Monkey"
2

Find the director

The director's name is in the opening or closing credits. For a documentary, the director is especially important.

e.g. Davis Guggenheim
3

Find the studio and year

The production company or distributor — shown in the opening credits or on the DVD/streaming info page. The year is the original release year, not when you watched it.

📄 Example citations

An Inconvenient Truth. Directed by Davis Guggenheim. Paramount Classics, 2006.
Guggenheim, D. (Director). (2006). An inconvenient truth [Film]. Paramount Classics.
Guggenheim, Davis. An Inconvenient Truth. Paramount Classics, 2006.
🎓

Documentaries are great sources

Documentaries made by trusted organizations (PBS, National Geographic, BBC) are legitimate research sources. Entertainment movies generally aren't, unless you're writing about the film itself.

🤖

Citing an AI Tool

ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, Claude, and other AI assistants

1

⚠️ First: check with your teacher

Some teachers don't allow AI tools as sources at all. Always ask before using AI in your research. If they say yes, citing it properly shows academic honesty.

2

Write down which AI tool you used

Select the tool from the dropdown — ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, Claude, etc.

3

Copy the exact question you asked

This is called your "prompt." Paste it in exactly as you typed it — this is what appears as the "title" in your citation.

e.g. "Explain how photosynthesis works in simple terms"
4

Record today's date

AI tools change their answers over time, so the date you used it matters. Use today's date.

📄 Example citations

"Explain how photosynthesis works in simple terms." ChatGPT, OpenAI, 10 Apr. 2026, https://chat.openai.com.
OpenAI. (2026). ChatGPT [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com
OpenAI. ChatGPT. "Explain how photosynthesis works in simple terms." Accessed April 10, 2026. https://chat.openai.com.
🧠

AI can make things up

AI tools sometimes give wrong information confidently. Always double-check facts from an AI against a trustworthy source like a book, encyclopedia, or .gov website.

📝

Save your conversation

Take a screenshot of the AI's response, or copy it into a document. If your teacher asks to see it, you'll want to have it.

📄

Citing Other Sources

Brochures, museum labels, letters, reports, pamphlets, or anything that doesn't fit another category

1

Find who created it

This could be a person, an organization, or a company. Look for a name on the front, the back, or at the bottom of the document.

e.g. American Red Cross, or Smith, Jane
2

Find the title

The title or heading on the document. If it doesn't have an obvious title, create a short description in square brackets.

e.g. "2024 Annual Report" or [Museum exhibit label: Dinosaur Hall]
3

Describe what kind of source it is

In the "Source description" field, write what type of document it is. This helps your reader understand what they'd be looking at.

e.g. Brochure, Museum label, Pamphlet, Annual report, Letter
4

Add any other details you have

Publisher, year, and URL if applicable. Fill in whatever you can find — a partial citation is better than none.

🤷

When in doubt, ask

If you're not sure how to cite something unusual, ask your teacher or librarian. They'd rather help you get it right than see no citation at all.

📸

Photograph it

For physical items like museum labels or brochures, take a photo so you have a record of what it said and where you got it.

General Citation Questions

What's the difference between MLA, APA, and Chicago?
They're three different "rulebooks" for how to format citations. MLA is most common in English and humanities classes. APA is used in science and social studies. Chicago is used in history. Your teacher will tell you which one to use — if they don't say, MLA is a safe choice.
How many sources do I need?
That depends on your assignment. Your teacher will usually tell you. A good rule of thumb for a research report: at least 3 different sources, and try to mix it up (not all websites).
What is an annotated bibliography?
An annotated bibliography is a citation list where you add 2-3 sentences after each citation explaining what the source is about and why you used it. ReadyCiteGo has an "Annotated" toggle in the header that adds an annotation box to each citation.
My citation list has a red dot next to a source. What does that mean?
The colored dots show how complete your citation is. Red means you're missing some important information. Yellow means you have the basics but could add more. Green means it looks complete. Click on the dot to see a tip about what's missing.
How do I get my citations into Google Docs?
Click the "Copy for Google Docs" button in the bar at the bottom of ReadyCiteGo. Then open Google Docs and press Ctrl+V (or Cmd+V on a Mac) to paste. The formatting — including italics — should carry over automatically.

Ready to build your list?

Head back to ReadyCiteGo and start adding your sources.

✏️ Go to Citations →